What is the difference between a battery and a lithium battery?

Commodity prices are on track for their biggest rally in more than a century, while fixed-income assets have seen their longest run of outflows as the war in Ukraine adds to inflationary pressures in the global economy emerging from the coronavirus lockdown, according to Bank of America.

"Commodity prices this year are on track to record their biggest gains since 1915." the bank said in its weekly briefing. They cite many factors, such as pandemics, lockdown, civil strife, wars, excessive monetary and fiscal stimulus, and supply chain disruptions, that have led to "historically" high inflation.  

By the same token, it said government bonds were heading for their worst year since 1949, and "negative-yielding bonds will quietly disappear" from the market as central banks embark on a monetary tightening cycle and raise interest rates to tame soaring inflation.  

The prices of many commodities like the battery are expected to increase in the future.

A battery is a type of battery, and its function is to store limited electrical energy and use it in a suitable place. It works by converting chemical energy into electrical energy.

It uses the lead plate filled with spongy lead as the negative electrode, the lead plate filled with lead dioxide as the positive electrode, and uses 22-28% dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. When charging, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, and when discharging, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. When the battery is discharging, metal lead is the negative electrode, which undergoes an oxidation reaction and is oxidized to lead sulfate; lead dioxide is the positive electrode, which undergoes a reduction reaction and is reduced to lead sulfate. When the battery is charged with direct current, lead and lead dioxide are formed at the two poles, respectively. When the power source is removed, it returns to its pre-discharge state, forming a chemical battery. Lead-acid batteries are batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and are called secondary batteries. Its voltage is 2V, usually three lead-acid batteries are connected in series, and the voltage is 6V. The car uses 6 lead-acid batteries connected in series to form a 12V battery pack. The lead-acid battery should be supplemented with sulfuric acid after a period of use to keep the electrolyte containing 22-28% dilute sulfuric acid.

Lithium battery is a kind of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode material and uses non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The earliest lithium battery came from the great inventor Edison.

Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time.

With the development of microelectronics technology in the twentieth century, the number of miniaturized devices is increasing, which puts forward high requirements for power supply. Lithium batteries have then entered a large-scale practical stage.

It was first used in pacemakers. Due to the extremely low self-discharge rate of lithium batteries, the discharge voltage is gentle. It makes it possible to implant the pacemaker into the human body for long-term use.

Lithium batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts, and are more suitable for integrated circuit power supplies. Manganese dioxide batteries are widely used in computers, calculators, cameras, and watches.

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Because of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, there is a shortage of natural gas supply. At the same time, other renewable energy sources cannot produce enough electricity, so electricity prices have soared in many countries of the world. For this reason, I assume the supply and prices of the battery would keep being influenced by the high energy prices.

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